Katherine Wilson
Prof. Ibahrine
10/09/07
Int’l Comm.
Chapter Two Outline:
Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories
Normative Theories
Four Categories
1. These comparisons help sharpen our understanding our our nation’s media system.
ii. Authoritarian
1. Dictatorial- Hiter, Mussolini
iii. Soviet
1. Communist dictatorships (Russia, Eastern Europe, Transcaucasia, Central Asia)
2. Difference between Authoritarian and Soviet lies in that Soviet regimes claim to show the way to construct a just and equal society.
iv. Liberal
1. Not “left wing”- but free market based.
2. Media systems ruled by capitalist moneymaking priorities.
v. Social Responsibility
1. Media operating within capitalist dynamic yet committed to serving public’s needs.
vi. Development Model
1. Media addressing issues of poverty, health care, literacy, education
a. Informing public about health hazards, agricultural methods
b. Important in fostering a sense of nationhood, mostly in previously colonized territories
vii. Participatory Model
1. Local, small scale, more democraticcaly organized media
2. Important factor is that STAFF and PRODUCERS have considerable input
3. Public participation and a democratic process central
A Different Approach I: Comparing And Contrasting Media
Soviet media, while extinct in its original form, has a lot to contribute to our understanding of other media.
i. Political Power
1. Seen as “mirror opposites” of media in the west
2. Communist Party’s Propaganda Committee- established ideological priorities
3. Bugging technology-advanced Soviet industry, lead to samizdat (dual-level public realm, no one believed official media truths)
ii. Economic Crisis
1. “its their government’s faults”- IMF
2. In 1990s, Russian life expectancy fell
3. Russian media, until the last few years of the old Soviet Union, reminded quiet about declining standards of living
iii. Dramatic Social Transitions
1. Media in Russia went through many transitions during the 20th century.
2. Until 1953, Russian media stayed in sync with dictators tread
3. After Stalin’s death, media opened up more..
a. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
A Different Approach II: Globalization and Media
Globalization- signifies:
i. Structural economic changes
ii. Cultural/media processes
a. Cultural imperialism: media imperialism
iii. “Americanization”
iv. Herbert Schiller (1991)
1. More multiple form of dominance by transnational corporations
a. Sony, Samsung, Telefonica, Globo
Hybridization
i. Bollywood!
A Different Approach III: Small-Scale Alternative Media
Samizdat
i. Hand circulated pamphlets, poems, essays, plays, short stories, novels that emerged in Soviet Russia from the 1960s onward.
1. Literally means “self published”, rather than “state-published”
Prof. Ibahrine
10/09/07
Int’l Comm.
Chapter Two Outline:
Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories
Normative Theories
Four Categories
1. These comparisons help sharpen our understanding our our nation’s media system.
ii. Authoritarian
1. Dictatorial- Hiter, Mussolini
iii. Soviet
1. Communist dictatorships (Russia, Eastern Europe, Transcaucasia, Central Asia)
2. Difference between Authoritarian and Soviet lies in that Soviet regimes claim to show the way to construct a just and equal society.
iv. Liberal
1. Not “left wing”- but free market based.
2. Media systems ruled by capitalist moneymaking priorities.
v. Social Responsibility
1. Media operating within capitalist dynamic yet committed to serving public’s needs.
vi. Development Model
1. Media addressing issues of poverty, health care, literacy, education
a. Informing public about health hazards, agricultural methods
b. Important in fostering a sense of nationhood, mostly in previously colonized territories
vii. Participatory Model
1. Local, small scale, more democraticcaly organized media
2. Important factor is that STAFF and PRODUCERS have considerable input
3. Public participation and a democratic process central
A Different Approach I: Comparing And Contrasting Media
Soviet media, while extinct in its original form, has a lot to contribute to our understanding of other media.
i. Political Power
1. Seen as “mirror opposites” of media in the west
2. Communist Party’s Propaganda Committee- established ideological priorities
3. Bugging technology-advanced Soviet industry, lead to samizdat (dual-level public realm, no one believed official media truths)
ii. Economic Crisis
1. “its their government’s faults”- IMF
2. In 1990s, Russian life expectancy fell
3. Russian media, until the last few years of the old Soviet Union, reminded quiet about declining standards of living
iii. Dramatic Social Transitions
1. Media in Russia went through many transitions during the 20th century.
2. Until 1953, Russian media stayed in sync with dictators tread
3. After Stalin’s death, media opened up more..
a. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
A Different Approach II: Globalization and Media
Globalization- signifies:
i. Structural economic changes
ii. Cultural/media processes
a. Cultural imperialism: media imperialism
iii. “Americanization”
iv. Herbert Schiller (1991)
1. More multiple form of dominance by transnational corporations
a. Sony, Samsung, Telefonica, Globo
Hybridization
i. Bollywood!
A Different Approach III: Small-Scale Alternative Media
Samizdat
i. Hand circulated pamphlets, poems, essays, plays, short stories, novels that emerged in Soviet Russia from the 1960s onward.
1. Literally means “self published”, rather than “state-published”
*Interesting Article about "samizdat"
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